Light is produced by an arc discharge between two electrodes at opposite ends of the arc tube within the lamp. All are nondirectional light sources, and all require a ballast for operation. Discussion of phenomena in connection with one of them can also apply to others, which enables the author to emphasize unique aspects of. Hid lamps have a long life and consume little energy to produce a great amount of light. Discussion of phenomena in connection with one of them can also apply to others, which enables the author to emphasize unique aspects of behavior in each type of lamp. Lamps respectively, while part v is given over to the most recent discharge lamp, the. The ballast is a power supply for arc discharge lamps. But argon is still used though the pressure that is somewhat less than the previous pressure. Specialized gasfilled tubes such as krytrons, thyratrons, and ignitrons are used as switching devices in electric devices. A choke is provided as a ballast an electrical device for starting and regulating fluorescent and discharge lamps which gives high impulse about 1200 v for starting and later on, maintain 230 v. The ionization degree may vary anywhere from 100% to 10 4 10 6 i. Ultraviolet uv radiation occupies the portion of electromagnetic spectrum from 100 to 400 nanometers nm.
Nema member products lighting systems light source. Photometry and colorimetry of fluorescent and other electric. In the arc, discharge portion of the lamps has been changed. Advantage and drawbacks of hid headlights audiomotive. The discharge was obtained by combining two metal or graphite rods in atmospheric air. A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube filled with a mixture of argon and mercury vapour. T805 600v 660w g medium bipin fluorescent lamp socket. This transfer switch is suitable for control of motors, electric discharge lamps, tungsten filament lamps, and electric heating equipment where the sum of motor fullload ampere ratings and the ampere ratings of other loads do not exceed the ampere rating of the switch, and the tungsten load does not exceed 30 percent of the switch rating. Why the light from many discharge lamps makes red things look dull mercury lamps, most metal halide lamps, most sodium lamps, and cool white, white, and warm white fluorescent lamps have a shortage of red and green light in their spectral output. A high degree of visibility is attained, and objects on the roadway can be clearly seen for an unusually long distance. The combination of a gaseous electric discharge lamp comprising a sealed elongated tubular container, a gaseous atmosphere therein oomplrising a rare gas at a pressure of a few millimeters and a small quantity of mercury, thermionic electrodes in the ends of said container and alayerof finely divided fluorescent. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric discharge lamps. Electric discharge lamps are a common example of an application of phenomena in partially ionized gases.
This type of lamp involves an internal electrical discharge being created between two electrodes in a gas filled chamber. The various types of hid lamps are categorized and named by the type of gas contained within the arc tube. A discharge lamp consists essentially of a tube of glass, quartz or other suitable material, containing a gas and, in most cases, a metal vapour. Iii and iv deal with sodium vapour lamps and colour floodlighting. Highintensity discharge lamp a lamp that produces light by passing an electrical current through a gas or vapor under high pressure. Highintensity discharge lamp wikimili, the best wikipedia. Highintensity discharge hid lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc is generated between two electrodes. Electric discharge lamps download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together. The passage of an electric current through this gasvapour produces light or ultraviolet radiation. Some bits of discharge lamp theory and other technical.
The arc in an hid source is shorter, yet it generates much more light, heat, and pressure within the arc tube. Lamps led discharge induction fluorescent lamps hid lamps linear compact fluorescent low pressure sodium mercury high pressure. Mar 20, 2011 hid lamps provide light from an electric discharge or arc and have a negative resistance characteristic that would cause them to draw excessive current leading to instant lamp destruction if operated directly from line voltage. Electric discharge lamp, also called vapour lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. Some white mercury vapor lamps have phosphor coatings and have. Plasmas are cathegorized in hightemperature or fusion plasmas and lowtemperature plasmas or gas discharges. Lightning is caused by an electrical discharge of electrons moving very quickly from one place to another. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few sources which together. Electric discharge lighting publisher cambridge, mass. However, they distort the color rendition of objects and are used mostly as ambient lighting for commercial interiors. Electric discharge lamp a lamp that generates light by passing an electric arc through a space filled with a specially formulated mixture of gases. A noninverting buckboost converter is to operate in the continuous conduction mode designed to provide an average power of more than 200 watts at its dc output. Hid lamps have a long life and consume little energy.
In about 1910 the french physicist georges claude developed such a tube with neon gas as the filling. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton, and xenon or a mixture of these gases. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. These lamps also have a surplus of yellow andor orangeyellow.
Click download or read online button to get electric discharge lamps book now. Each hid lamp type has its own characteristics that must be individually considered for any lighting application. An electrical discharge results from the creation of a conducting path between two points of different electrical potential in the medium in which the points are immersed. Hig hintensity discharge qualities highintensity discharge hid lamps include mercury vapor, metal halide, and highpressure sodium lamps. A lamp that produces light by passing an electrical current through a gas or vapor under high pressure. Photometry and colorimetry of fluorescent and other.
Investigators, including francis hauksbee, tried to determine the cause of the phenomenon. An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light. G medium bipin for t8 and t12 fluorescent lamps, push in and twist to lock ul listed alternate part numbers. Electric discharge lamps download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. A gas discharge lamp is an electric light using a gasfilled tube. The rated life of these lamps is the number of hours they will continue burning.
This tube is filled with noble gas and often also contains suitable metal or metal salts. Fluorescent lamps are a special class of gas discharge lamps where the electric current produces mostly invisible uv light which is turned into visible light by a special phosphor coating on the interior of the tube. Since last three decades incandescent lamps are gradually replaced by more energy efficient discharge lamps. Electric discharge lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. Find out information about electric discharge lamp. The french astronomer jean picard observed 1675 a faint glow in a mercurybarometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow static electricity was not then understood. From about 1900, practical electric discharge lamps were in use in europe and the united states. Lampholders, electric discharge, t 805, cqc, t80a, 52e4, t110, osram 101749, led, gf41b, t100, 2500, renwu, gf41. This family of lamps contains some of the most efficacious lamps. Expired lifetime application number us104312a inventor pirani marcello rompe.
If the supply of electrical charge is continuous, the discharge is. Electric discharge an overview sciencedirect topics. The life of a mercury vapor lamp can be described in terms of its usable life or its rated life. These electrons move so quickly that they heat the air around them causing it to glow. What are the different types of lights in lighting system. High intensity discharge hid lamps elliott electric supply. Photometry and colorimetry of fluorescent and other electric discharge lamps g. Us2181294a us248812a us24881238a us2181294a us 2181294 a us2181294 a us 2181294a us 248812 a us248812 a us 248812a us 24881238 a us24881238 a us 24881238a us 2181294 a us2181294 a us 2181294a authority us united states prior art keywords filament lamp contacts coil discharge prior art date 19381231 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal.
Below are hid sources, listed in increasing order of efficacy lumens per watt. Details of electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps, including details applicable to both discharge devices and incandescent lamps. A number of elements are integrated within an electronics enclosure. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. This book brings together an extraordinary amount of data on all the major types of electric discharge lamps which are now in commercial use. Multiple inverter circuits are coupled to the power bus in parallel, each inverter circuit having a respective output to. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps h01t. At the tenth annual conference at margate of the association of public lighting engineers, a paper was read on september 5 by mr. Electricdischarge lamp definition of electricdischarge.
Fluorescent lamp, electric discharge lamp, cooler and more efficient than incandescent lamps, that produces light by the fluorescence of a phosphor coating. An estimated two billion electric discharge lamps are. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. The french inventor georges claude was the first to use neon gas, about 1910. Most vehicles contain highintensity discharge hid lamps. Using the library of congress system, look into everything with numbers around tk4000. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric. Types and characteristics of discharge lamps historically, discharge lamps represented, in the nineteenth century, the first forms of electric lighting, even before the invention of the incandescent lamps. Electric discharge machining is a method of machining in which, as shown in figure 1, when an electrode and a workpiece are brought closer to each other with pulse voltage being applied between them, dielectric breakdown occurring at a certain distance between them triggers discharge, whose high temperature and pressure in turn cause part of the workpiece to be melted and blown.
Transactions of the illuminating engineering society 2016 11. Highintensity discharge lamps hid lamps are a type of electrical gasdischarge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. Electricdischarge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Uva 315400 nm uvb 280315 nm uvc 100280 nm for most people, the main source of uv exposure is the sun. Hauksbee first demonstrated a gasdischarge lamp in 1705. Electric discharge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation.
The advantages and disadvantages of high intensity discharge lamps. Hid is a broad term used to describe any lighting system using a gaseous discharge arc lamp in which the gasfilled arc tube operates at several times normal atmospheric pressure compared to the near vacuum conditions in fluorescent lamps. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps. Overview of the uv electrics lw series electronic ballasts the lw series electronic ballast powers high and low intensity discharge lamps with a mediumfrequency, 400 hz current squarewave. Electric discharge lamps share a number of common features, such as those associated with a radiating body of gas and certain properties of plasmas. Different type of lamps for luminous electrical notes. Discharge lamps generate electromagnetic radiation by means of an electric current passing through a gas or metal vapor. Types include fluorescent, mercury vapor, metal halide, and high and lowpressure sodium. What are some of the main uses for discharge lamps. My invention relates to gaseous electric discharge lamps generally and more particularly to such lamps having associated therewith a coating of fluorescent material which transforms ultrayiolet rays emitted by the discharge into visible light rays which complement and supplement the spectrum of the visible light emitted by the electrically excited gaseous atmosphere. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. Excitation at this frequency assures stable, acoustic resonance free lamp operation. Some include additional substances, like mercury, sodium, and metal halides, which are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture.
The power in watts indicated on the tube of a discharge lamp does not include the power dissipated in the ballast. Electric discharge and led lights by francesca mazzuca on prezi. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page. But gradually design has been changed to its better utilization. Types of highintensity discharge lamps mercury vapor lamps shortwave uv, a result of the decay of mercury atom electrons from an excited to a stable state, is readily transmitted through the inner quartz tube but is virtually blocked by the outer glass envelope during normal operation. The history of gasdischarge lamps began in 1675 when french astronomer jeanfelix picard observed that the empty space in his mercury barometer glowed as the mercury jiggled while he was carrying the barometer. Wilson on electric discharge lamps and their applications to. These operated at pressures of less than 1 pa and produced a near monochromatic light spectrum around the sodium emission lines at 589. Nov 30, 2015 a choke is provided as a ballast an electrical device for starting and regulating fluorescent and discharge lamps which gives high impulse about 1200 v for starting and later on, maintain 230 v. Life testing of all high pressure gasseous discharge lamps is based on a burning cycle of 10 hrsstart. Some drivers have great results in using the hid headlights, whereas others find disadvantages to using them.
The association of electrical equipment and medical imaging manufacturers. Mercury vapour in a neon lamp gives a bluish light. An estimated two billion electric discharge lamps are currently in existence worldwidel. This radiation is discrete, as opposed to the continuous radiation emitted by an incandescent filament. Comparison between discharge and led lighting fixtures. During the late 19th century, sir william crookes and other physicists experimented with methods of generating radiation by striking an arc between electrodes in an evacuated tube to which small amounts of an elemental gas had been admitted. The lowpressure sodium arc discharge lamp was first made practical around 1920 owing to the development of a type of glass that could resist the corrosive effects of sodium vapor.
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